The Indian Removal Act By President Jackson - 1371 Words

The idea of western expansion was promoted in order to strengthen the reputation and the entirety of the infant country. This was appropriated and romanticized through texts and documents, such as Manifest Destiny by John C. Calhoun and the message promoting the Indian Removal Act by President Jackson, which uses various appeals and logical fallacies to persuade the audience on the ideal benefits and optimistic virtues without the consideration of the Native American demographic. While expanding, the Americans encountered numerous Native Americans that ranged from a violent interaction to a peaceful treaty of removal in order to satisfy the American’s territorial cupidity. Despite America resorting back to its founding principles to†¦show more content†¦Similar to African Americans and women in 1800’s (and arguably now), these Amerindians were minorities that arguably possessed no value nor contribution the cultivation of the United States. Ideas initially enco uraged by Christopher Columbus, where he refers to Native Americans as ignorant savage beasts, has been preserved and acknowledged by the Americans where the belief of inferiority resonates with their perspective of the Native Americans. Immoral as this notion sounds, the Americans would then enfranchise to urbanization, industrialization, and acquisition of abundant resources without pondering on the consequences it has on the Native Americans. In 1830, in order to proceed in territorial aggrandizement, newly-inaugurated President Jackson scribed a congressional message promoting the removal of Indians for the vain benefit of the United States. In the intermediary of his message, he states a rhetorical question: What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive Republic, studded with cities, towns, and prosperous farms embellished with all the improvements which art can devise or industry execute, occupied by more than 1 2 million happy people, and filled with all the blessings of liberty, civilization, and religion? (Jackson 1) The inclusion of this rhetorical question is to exclude the care for Native Americans as they are perceived as â€Å"savages†, and place more stress on the significant

The Transformation of the Role of Women within Victorian...

The role of women during the Victorian Era has been a prevalent topic over the course of the semester. Women during that time had limited rights, and the rights they did have were equivalent to that of children. Domesticity, caring for their husband and children was the focus of their livelihood. As England continued to grow and industrialize, women became more marginalized, while men continued to grow into dominant members of society, this is known as the notion of separate spheres. The notion of separate spheres was not limited to the role women and men had in the home, but extended into the streets and the workplace. Men were seen as formidable, intellectual, and the governing sex; whereas, women on the other hand, were disregarded as emotionally unstable, dominated by their sexuality, and submissive to men’s wants and desires. Women were not only given limited rights to the roles they had in society, but also were not given the right to choose whom they wanted to mar ry. A majority of women had no other option but to marry as a way to maintain their livelihood, unless they were members of high social standings. Additionally, the rights of a woman were again lessened after she wed. The moment a woman married, she automatically became the property of her husband. The limited rights she had before were stripped away: her property, identity, and value ceased to exist the moment she became the helpmate to a man. The ideology of the role women played did notShow MoreRelated An Explication of Emily Dickinsons Loaded Gun Essays917 Words   |  4 PagesAn Explication of Emily Dickinsons Loaded Gun Emily Dickinsons poem My Life had stood-a Loaded Gun- is a powerful statement of the speakers choice to forego the accepted roles of her time and embrace a taboo existence, a life open only to men. The speaker does so wholeheartedly and without reservation, with any and all necessary force, exulting in her decision. She speaks with great power and passion, tolerating no interference, and wills herself to maintain this choice for herRead MoreThe Vampire: What Boundaries Does the Vampire Threaten? Discuss with R9200 Words   |  37 Pagesleast two tellings of the Dracula story._______________________________________________ The Vampire in Dracula threatens the very existence of Victorian England. Stoker constructs the vampire as an embodiment of threat by surpassing his Gothic novelist predecessors to bring the threat of the Gothic home to Victorian England (Arata 119). This in turn crosses the boundary between what is foreign and what is national; and dually East and West. Read MoreEssay on History of Sexuality2302 Words   |  10 PagesLove is heavily embedded within a distinct historical and cultural context. Darwinian theory and the development of eugenics had a phenomenal impact on Stopes. Recognising the equal sexual desire of women would make Married Love greatly influential in the shaping of modern perceptions into female sexuality. Examining the social ethos of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Married Love was a pioneering book for its time. The significant transformation of gender roles during the interwar yearsRead MoreChinua Ac hebe s Things Fall Apart Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesCultural Things Some would say that the essential element of Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart is that of the struggle. The role of customs and traditions are incredibly important and decides the fate of men, women, and children. The main character Okonkwo is at odds with himself, the world, and his future throughout the story. This book deal with the obstacles arising from the conflicts of man vs. self, and man vs. society. Throughout the story Okonkwo gains morals and life lessons thatRead MoreEssay on Gothic Fiction2923 Words   |  12 Pagesconsider: - · The authors portrayal of eroticism and sexuality (in all its forms) through characters. - · Relevant social/cultural concerns during the period the novels were written. During the 18th century and for a long time after poetry was regarded as the most sophisticated and accomplished mode of the written word. The Gothic novel, a relatively new form of literature was emerging from the popular romances published to meet the demands of a of a growing literacy populationRead MoreEssay on Bram Stokers Dracula as a Romantic Myth4296 Words   |  18 Pages In the Catholic mass, worshippers continually feast upon the blood and body of Christ in order to maintain their mortal link with the immortal life of the divine. Dracula feasts upon the blood and body of mortal life and incarnates immortality within himself; he becomes his own god. The eternal love relationship between Dracula and Elisabeta is the archetypal sacred marriage--a bond that cannot be severed by death or time--just like the marriage between Christ and the Church. The filmsRead MoreGender Roles and Attitudes toward Love in Shakespeares Hamlet5989 Words   |  24 Pagesbeing shown, Shakespeare challenges the acknowledged roles of women in instances of courtly love. Instead of this, the audience witness Juliet as a fourteen year old woman taking control of her own future and rejecting her parents’ decisions to experience real heartfelt love. In Elizabethan times ideas and attitudes to love were very different to contemporary views of love. In particular women’s roles differed greatly in that they played passive roles in a relationship and were taught from birth thatRead MoreThe Hours - Film Analysis12007 Words   |  49 Pagesground-breaking essay Word, Dialogue, and Novel [1] : [E]ach word (text) is an intersection of word [sic] (texts) where at least one other word (text) can be read . . . . any text is constructed as a mosaic of quotations; any text is the absorption and transformation of another (66). However, as Kristeva in a later interview explains, the dynamics of intertextuality does not only take place between author and text but also between text and reader: If we are readers of intertextuality, we must be capableRead MoreThe Effects of Scientific Racism on Black Women Essay5776 Words   |  24 PagesThe Effects of Scientific Racism on Black Women Scientific racism has been used to oppress, enslave and to justify torture. In my essay I will explore how scientific racism has been used to detriment the health of women of colour. Throughout history women of colour have been experimented upon, sexualized and reproductively abused with scientific racism as justification or the underlying premise for the thought behind this abuse. I will explore this idea using examples throughout various periodsRead MoreThe Waste Land by T. S. Eliot2649 Words   |  11 Pagesthis piece of â€Å"Satyricon† and this own literary work is overall unknown, but there are many different ways scholars can intertwine the two. One of the common themes is the mechanical persistence of the world (Shmoop 5). Eliot felt that his beloved Victorian Era had been murdered in cold blood by the 1920’s Pop culture. He believed that life and existence had outlasted their meaning. Yet, the world spun on. Cumaean Sibyl lived in a cage, drowning in her ow n wrinkles with aching bones. Her body had outlived

Analysis Of Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi - 1331 Words

The memoir, in graphic novel format, Persepolis, written by Marjane Satrapi, describes and summarizes her progression from childhood to her adolescent years of life as a character named Marji. The author successfully accomplish explaining the important aspects of her life with the help of graphic images that summarizes the climaxes of her childhood. Her belief that her country’s government was disrupted and practically useless, in a sense that they do nothing to help or to better their country as a whole, is the main focus of most of her childhood. As Marji progresses, her understanding of her corrupted government only got better and her love for the country only degraded as did the government. When the Islamic and Iranian Revolution†¦show more content†¦They separated the boys from the girls at school and made the girls wear veils. Not many understood the purpose of the government doing this, so for a while, everyone bantered the veils until it became a major aspe ct of the women’s attire in a short period of time. â€Å"We didn’t really like to wear the veils, especially since we didn’t understand why we had to.† (3). The veils didn’t serve any significant purpose except for the idea that the government no longer wanted women showing their body to anyone other that their family. As the veils became more of a big deal, the idea that is you didn’t wear a veil made you a slut to the average man began to play a greater role in Marji‘s society. The veils weren’t as significant as the many lives that were taken, and as many lies told to cover up the death of many people, most whom were innocent. As Marji listened listened and watched her surroundings, she realized that her government was wrong for all the cruel things that they made their citizens suffer through. â€Å"The BBC said there were 400 victims. The Shah said that a group of religious fanatics perpetrated the massacre. But the pe ople knew that it was the Shah’s fault!!!† (15). The previous statement is a representation of Marji’s witness to the first incident that proved that their government had been corrupted. Although Marji was young, she understood that her government was wrong and felt the need to speak up againstShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi1336 Words   |  6 Pagesthe graphic novel of Persepolis. Not only were Muslim women constantly judged by what they wore but they were also told how to act, what to think and how to raise their families. First of all by telling a woman what to wear is limiting their few rights they owned. It seems as if it destroys the individuality of a women. However the Muslim regime thinks differently and believes, it should be mandatory for women to wear the veil in order to follow their religion. 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She feels like since she was a child other countries deem the whole Iranian population as terroristsRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Book Persepolis1239 Words   |  5 Pagesyou are sent to war. In today’s society, ideas of violent loss and trading life for country seem like issues in an army’s world. During the Iranian revolution, loss and suffering were woven into the fabric of all Iranian lives. In Marjane Satrapi’s graphic memoir Persepolis, she argues that Marji’s developing views on death and martyrdom serve to personalize our perspective of war. From the beginning of her story, Marji is suspended in limbo between two clashing ideological worlds. Akin to many elementaryRead MoreThe Old vs. New: A Rhetorical Analysis of Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi776 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book Persepolis, a non-fiction piece about the author Marjane Satrapi’s life in a changing Iran, Satrapi explores the idea of tensions between old and new by referencing conversations with her grandma, talking about parties, the transition of the veil into society, talking about her school, noting the demonstrations that took place in the streets, and discussing the cultural revolution that occurred. Satrapi purposefully communicates this theme to the audience to contrast the Iran she grew

Optimal Taxation And Human Capital Policies -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Optimal Taxation And Human Capital Policies? Answer: Introducation The present case deals with a company that is carrying out the business of offering building supplies at a discounted price to house and land developers by the name Carter Pty. Ltd. The company has been doing the same business since its inception in 2012. In the year 2016 the company with the intention of building a high rise development purchased 3 adjacent blocks of land worth $300000 each. But, against the plans of the company the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal refused to grant the permission for the plan as it considered the project to be a hindrance to the neighbours quiet enjoyment of their homes. After consulting with its lawyer the company hired a designer to build the homes in a unique and community appropriate way. After the construction all the three homes were sold for $1 million each[1]. The issue that are presented by this case is that whether the profit on sale of homes can be considered as an ordinary income or not. This issue has arisen due to the fact t hat the company has ventured in some type of income which is not the primary revenue generating operation as the company has never bought any piece of land neither engaged in the operations of construction of buildings. Ruling: The ruling regarding the ordinary income of the business is laid down in section 6-5(1) ITAA 97. As per the provision of the act, it is an income according to ordinary concepts. General principle is that these kinds of income are of such nature that everyone will consider them to be income[2]. In order to derive the nature of income in the present case an attempt is made to look into the positive as well as negative indicators and then look for them in respect of the present situation or case. The negative indicators or propositions of income (the items which do not come under the purview of income as per ordinary concepts): Amount that are not convertible in terms of money are not considered ordinary income. The proposition means that the amount received as consideration must be in monetary terms or can be converted in money[3]. The income which is of the nature of capital receipts does not form part of the ordinary income. All the gifts which are received outside the ambit of employment, services or business do not come under ordinary income. All the proceeds of lottery, gambling or windfall gains fall outside the purview of ordinary income. All the receipts in form of mutual receipts are not ordinary income.. Positive indicators of income: The income must have features like recurrence, regularity and periodicity. In order to be considered as an income the amount must have earned beneficially. The income at all times needs to be judged by its character in the hands of the recipient[4]. The amount that has been derived during employment or by provision of service is considered as ordinary income. The amounts received from property are ordinary income The amount received in the course of carrying out a business is an income. The amounts received as compensation for some income foregone are considered income themselves. In addition to judging the nature of the receipts, an analysis must also be made whether the activities undertaken by the company can be considered as a business or not. The important features which constitute a business are as follows: Profit motive: The primary objective of carrying out any venture or activity is to get some positive result out of it[5]. In case of a business the main objective should be to earn profits. Merely the presence of hope is insufficient. (Brajkovich v FCT89 ATC 5227) Repetition and regularity: It is necessary that the business establishes its existence based upon sustained and regular activity. It must endeavour to carry out the same operations to sustain itself. (London Australia Investment Co Ltd v FCT 1977 138 CLR 106). System and organisation: In order to conduct any business there must be an established system and organisation[6]. It enables the entity to conduct the operations systematically and regularly. (Hyde v Sullivan 199 ,Ferguson v FC of T) Size and scale of activities: The smaller the scale of operation of the entity, the lesser is the chance of it being considered as an established business. (FCT v Walker 85 ATC 4179) The larger the scale of operation of the entity, the more will be its chance to be considered as a business[7]. (FCT v Beach P/L 1982) If there are other indicators present then simply due to the limited size of their activities the taxpayers wont be precluded from being classified as a business. (Thomas v FCT 1972) Isolated activities for the purpose of profit making might also constitute a business.(FCT v St. Hubert Island P/L 1978) Application: In order to present a reliable and accurate explanation in respect of the tax implication of the profit on sale of three properties for Carter Pty. Ltd. The analysis is conducted by dividing it into four parts a) issues governing the case b) rulings that are applicable in the case c) application of the rules in respect of the case d) conclusion of the case. Firstly, in the issues portion a discussion has been made in order to establish the various issues that the present case is presenting. This includes the categorisation of the assets sold the treatment of income that is received etc. Secondly, the ruling that has to be used or given out by the statute will be discussed. Thereafter the application of the relevant rules in the context of the case or issues presented will be laid down and finally a conclusion will be drawn of the bass of the application of the relevant rules. In pursuance of applying the relevant rules in respect of the given case the negative and positive indicators of the income will be matched with the facts of the current case and it will ascertained whether the situation is fulfilling the criteria or not. The amount is received in cash hence it is in monetary terms The amount is not received a gift hence the question of employability doesnt arise The amount has not been received as a windfall gain or gambling. The amount is not in the nature of mutual receipts. Hence, the amount is not falling within the negative propositions. That means if it is able to fulfil any positive indicator or proposition, it will be regarded as an ordinary income. The amount received that has been received as profit on sale of homes doesnt possess the characteristic of recurrence, regularity or periodicity as the company has not engaged in the purchase of land and construction of business prior to this. The amount also neither arose out of provision of service or employment nor from property or as a compensation for foregoing any profit[8]. But, in order to establish whether the amount arose out of business or not we need to figure whether the activities conducted by the company constitute a business or not[9]. The activities carried out by the company are not regular or repetitive but at the same time the company did conduct the activities for the purpose of earning profit and also as per the rules an isolated activity with the intention of profit can constitute a business. From the activities of the company it is clear that the company was not in the business of procurement of land and construction of building for the purpose of selling them at a profit because it was specifically mentioned that it is the first time the company has engaged in such an activity. The company also did not have the required system and organisation for the purpose of carrying out such operation regularly and efficiently. It is evident from the fact that on the first occasion it was unable to get a certification for the construction of the buildings. This indicates that the activity of purchasing land and construction of building is an isolated activity of the company. But, a due consideration has to be given to the fact that the sole purpose of the company was to earn profit hence; the isolated activity will also constitute a business. As the activity of the company has proved to be a business the profit on sale of the homes will be considered as an income which has generate d from the conduct of the business. Thus, the purchase of 3 blocks of adjacent lands and construction of homes for the purpose of selling them at a profit will be considered as a business and the profit that the company earned from the sale of the buildings will constitute income from business. Since, income earned from conduct of business comes within the definition of ordinary income as laid down in section 6-5(1) the profit earned by the company will be treated as anIssue: The owner of the Carter Pty Ltd. purchased 3 adjacent blocks for $300,000 each on July 2016 in order to build a high-rise development. However, in 2016 December, VCAT refused to give the necessary permission for planning. As a result of this, these properties were sold by Carter after building 3 unique community appropriate homes at $1million for each property[10]. Now the primary objective of this report is to determine that whether this aforesaid profit will be considered as taxable for Carter or not. Moreover, it was observed from the case study that the Lawyer, Joe Dodgy advised them that this profit will not be subject to any tax. When any asset of capital nature offers the owner with a higher price than what was used to acquire or purchase the asset is called capital gain. In case of any capital gain, the owner of such profit is subject to pay tax based on the amount of profits. However, there are few exemptions in capital gain as well[11]. The tax payable on any profits or gains realised from properties, which is not related to any business, is known as Capital Gain Tax or CGT. In other words, it can be said that the primary objective of CGT is to charge tax from all those profits and gains that are made out of assets disposal[12]. Essentially, it is mentioned under section 102-20 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) that there will be no capital loss or gain until and unless there is any CGT event. The primary elements of CGT provisions are listed below: According to section 102-5(1) of the ITAA 1997, the net capital gains or losses are considered as assessable income; As per sec 102-20 of ITAA 1997, any capital gain or loss is subject to a CGT event only; According to Div. 104, for each event or transaction, the net gain or loss is required to be determined[13]; There exist various provisions regarding the concession and exemptions of capital gains. The appropriate definition of a CGT Asset can be found under section 108-5 which states that any property or any right of legal or equitable in nature which is not a property can be termed as an CGT Asset[14]. Under this section, the ordinary meaning of property consists of any items of tangible or intangible property and do not include any personal knowledge, know-how or non-property rights. As it can be observed from the case study that Carter decided to build a unique community based buildings with the three pieces of land that costs $300,000 each. Moreover, he also spent $30,000 as legal expenses and $10,000 for advertising purposes. After completion of the entire project, he sold each building at $1m and earned huge profit. Now as it is known that the assets that are sold by Carter can be termed as capital assets as these are properties. It also satisfies the definition of a capital gain tax asset as mentioned u/s 108-5 of the ITAA 1997[15]. It was also found that primarily, Carter Pty Ltd was a business that dealt in supplying building material at a discounted rate and it is also clearly mention that under no circumstances, Carter Pty Ltd previously dealt in exchange/ purchase of land or engaged in construction of buildings[16]. This proves that this sale of building cannot be considered as any business activities. Hence, this satisfies the provisions for capital ga in tax that states that the gain must arise out of any capital asset and it must not be used for business purposes. Thus, the profit earned by Carter on selling 3 buildings at $1m will be subject to Capital Gain Tax and therefore Carter needs to pay tax for the profit which he earned. Conclusion: In order to conclude it can be said that the sale of the building not being related to the business by any means and at the same time being a capital asset, thus the amount of profit earned by Carter will be held taxable at the hands of him. In continuation of the above case, it was found Carter being happy with the building endeavour gifted his business partner Julie an antique dining table in way of a bonus for their home whose original cost was $20,000. Now the primary objective of this question is that whether or not the antique table will be taxable at the hands of Julie[17]. As per section 108-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 CGT Assets, the assets are divided into several categories or classes for the purpose of Capital Gain Tax (CGT). These are as follows: Collectibles; Assets for personal use; Other Assets. The above-mentioned items will be subject to payment of capital gain tax. Furthermore, the definition of collectables is set out under section 108-B of the ITAA 1997 that states that a collectable can be considered as any one of the following: Any artwork or a piece of jewellery, any item that is antique, a medallion or a coin; Any book or manuscript or a folio which is very rare; Any postage stamp or a first day cover which are utilised for the sole purpose of anyones personal satisfaction or enjoyment[18]. This section also states that there are certain exemption or provision regarding collectable and other personal use assets as well. Such exemptions are stated below: As per section 108-10(1), it is required that any capital losses which are apprehended on collectable can be utilised to decrease capital gains from collectables only; Losses on collectable can be carried forward to the next financial year which cannot be used on collectables only in that particular year of realisation. It is mentioned under section 118-10 that any collectable item that cost less than $500 will be exempt from CGT[19]. As it can be understood from the case study that Carter presented an antique dining table to Julie for their personal use. According to the act, the antique dining table gifted as a bonus by Carter will be considered as a collectable for personal use at the hands of Julie. Second, the original cost of the antique table is $20,000[20]. Therefore, this satisfies the provisions of CGT assets for a collectable to be taxable under the act. Firstly, it is considered as a collectable u/s 108-B of ITAA 1997 and secondly it is not exempted from tax as it cost much higher than the exempted limit which is $500. Therefore, in order to conclude the case it can be mentioned that the antique table will be taxable at the hands of Julie being a collectable above the exempted limit. Reference Bateman, Hazel, Rafal Chomik, and John Piggott. "Retirement income." InAgeing in Australia, pp. 149-172. Springer, New York, NY, 2017. Boadway, Robin, and Jean-Franois Tremblay. "Modernizing Business Taxation." (2016). Burns, Lee, Honor Le Leuch, and E. Sunley. "7 Taxing gains on transfer of interest."International Taxation and the Extractive Industries: Resources Without Borders132 (2016): 160. Dixon, J. M., and Jason Nassios.Modelling the impacts of a cut to company tax in Australia. Centre for Policy Studies, Victoria University, 2016. Evans, Chris, and Richard Krever. "Taxing Capital Gains: A Comparative Analysis and Lessons for New Zealand." (2017). Evans, Chris, John Minas, and Youngdeok Lim. "Taxing personal capital gains in Australia: an alternative way forward."Austl. Tax F.30 (2015): 735. Faccio, Mara, and Jin Xu. "Taxes and capital structure."Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis50, no. 3 (2015): 277-300. Gary, Robert F., Jared A. Moore, Craig A. Sisneros, and William D. Terando. "The impact of tax rate changes on intercorporate investment."Advances in Accounting34 (2016): 55-63. Gitman, Lawrence J., Michael D. Joehnk, Scott Smart, and Roger H. Juchau.Fundamentals of investing. Pearson Higher Education AU, 2015. Gutman, Harry L. "The Saga of Unfulfilled Business Income Tax Reform."Temp. L. Rev.89 (2016): 267. Kenny, Paul, Michael Blissenden, and Sylvia Villios.Australian Tax 2015. 2015. Li, Oliver Zhen, Yupeng Lin, and John R. Robinson. "The effect of capital gains taxes on the initial pricing and underpricing of IPOs."Journal of Accounting and Economics61, no. 2-3 (2016): 465-485. Parry, Ian. "Carbon Tax Burdens on Low-Income Households: A Reason for Delaying Climate Policy?." (2015). Petutschnig, Matthias. "Future orientation and taxes: Evidence from big data."Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation29 (2017): 14-31. Prince, Jimmy B.Tax for Australians for Dummies. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Saez, Emmanuel. "Income Concentration and Top Income Tax Rates." InPresentation at the Tax Policy Center USC Conference: Growing Income Inequality: Is Tax Policy the Cause, the Cure or or Irrelevant. 2014. Sharkey, Nolan. "Coming to Australia: Cross border and Australian income tax complexities with a focus on dual residence and DTAs and those from China, Singapore and Hong Kong-Part 1."Brief42, no. 10 (2015): 10. Stantcheva, Stefanie. "Optimal taxation and human capital policies over the life cycle."Journal of Political Economy125, no. 6 (2017): 1931-1990. Tao, Yong, Xiangjun Wu, Tao Zhou, Weibo Yan, Yanyuxiang Huang, Han Yu, Benedict Mondal, and Victor M. Yakovenko. "Universal Exponential Structure of Income Inequality: Evidence from 60 Countries."arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.01624(2016). Yates, Judith. "Why does Australia have an affordable housing problem and what can be done about it?."Australian Economic Review49, no. 3 (2016): 328-339.